Irradiators utilizing radioactive cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) or cobalt-60 (⁶⁰Co) gamma-ray sources have been used for biological applications for many decades. These applications include irradiation of much ...

Researchers have succeeded in something that has been pursued since the 1970s: explaining the X-ray radiation from the black hole surroundings. The radiation originates from the combined effect of the ...