The relentless advance of new technology continues to force change in one of the world's oldest and most conservative of activities, the marine industry. Navigation at sea has been developed over ...

The purpose of this study is to discover if there is a difference between user satisfaction with vector map images versus user satisfaction with raster map images. Many studies in the past have ...

Raster-based GIS routing models prevent pipelines from becoming an economic burden on the companies and countries involved in their construction and operation by minimizing not just the economic costs ...