At rest, closure of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is due to passive forces as well as active muscle contraction, and its relaxation requires inhibition of the cricopharyngeus and contraction of ...

There’s an old saying still used today of “having a frog in the throat.” The age-old adage can be used to describe everything from a raspy voice to congestion, but for some people it refers to strange ...

Timely and efficient upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening may be critical to safe transport of food or liquid to the stomach and to prevent aspiration during the swallow. The purpose of this study ...

Dysphagia occurs in more than 50 percent of patients with Parkinson's disease. 1 Although all the phases of swallowing can be involved, dysphagia due to hyperactivity of the upper esophageal sphincter ...

Esophagus is the tubular structure that carries food, liquids and saliva from mouth to the stomach. Functional esophageal disorders are health conditions that manifest typical esophageal symptoms such ...

Esophageal diverticula can be categorized into various types. A true diverticulum contains all layers of the wall, whereas a false diverticulum represents herniation of the mucosa and submucosa ...