Surface roughness is referred to as a series of microscopic geometric features of tiny valleys and peaks of different spacings and heights that are typically arranged in a non-deterministic way on a ...

Surface roughness refers to the condition of processed surfaces. Irregularities present on the surface of the object determine the texture and appearance of the surface, which plays a significant role ...

Surface roughness influences many mechanical properties, including friction and adhesion, surface reactivity, semiconductor substrate quality, and surface interaction with electromagnetic waves, ...