One can think of this apparatus as having both functional and anatomical (structural) components. The first component is functional and consists of the lacrimal pump. During blinking, the contraction ...

Purpose: To design a diagrammatic record of lacrimal disease using easily interpretable symbols. Methods: This diagrammatic record was developed from existing models. A simple outline for the eyelids, ...

Epiphora is a very common symptom and will become more common in an aging population. Many causes of epiphora are unrelated to anatomical problems in the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus. Problems in ...