Waves in water are transverse. This means that the vibrations causing the waves are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. As this little boat demonstrates, you can see that the waves are ...

Spectroscopy, in its broadest sense, is the term given to the investigation and measurement of spectra produced when a substance interacts with or emits electromagnetic radiation. All known matter ...

Figure 1: Level structure of quantum dot and spin manipulation. In order to tackle the large energy difference, we use a frequency downconversion technique that converts a single 910-nm photon into a ...